![o xps peak in cuo o xps peak in cuo](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Qianyu-Zhang-8/publication/319626615/figure/fig1/AS:614071552442370@1523417475695/a-XRD-patterns-of-CuO-Cu-2-O-NWAs-XPS-spectra-of-b-C-1s-c-O-1s-and-d-Cu-2p-of.png)
Transition-metal oxides such as TiO 2, 8 NiO, 9 and ZnO 10 also showed effective catalytic ability for AP and AP-basedįurthermore, it was shown that nanocomposite metalĬatalytic efficiency for AP and AP-based propellants than the single It was found that 1% content of the PbO nanoparticlesīoosted the burning rate of the propellant and lowered the pressure introduced PbO nanoparticles into the AP/HTPB composite With a 53% increase in the total heat release. The two main exothermic decomposition peaks merged into a single peak The temperature of the endothermic decomposition stage by 30% and 5 ElbasuneyĪnd Yehia fabricated AP encapsulated with nano CuO and found thatĪt 1 wt %, nano CuO demonstrated superior catalytic ability by decreasing prepared α-Fe 2O 3 nanotubes and found that α-Fe 2O 3 nanotubes at 2 wt % displayed enhanced catalytic activityįor the thermal decomposition of AP. Nanoscale transition-metal oxides have received intenseĭue to their good catalytic performance for AP and AP-based propellants. 1, 2 Nanocatalysts exhibit better catalytic effects than traditionalĬatalysts, owing to their small particle size, large specific surfaceĪrea, and an abundance of catalytic active sites. Perchlorate (AP) and AP-based propellants in recent years. Oxides have gained much attention in the field of catalyzing ammonium The ongoing advances in nanotechnology, nanoscale transition-metal Of AP from 199.8 to 172.1 kJ/mol, supporting the existence of a synergisticĬatalytic effect between nano CuO and nano PbO.
O xps peak in cuo free#
Heat of AP from 941 to 1711 J/g, and decreasing the Gibbs free energy Reflected as follows: shifting the peak temperature of AP in high-temperatureĭecomposition stages from 441.3 to 347.6 ☌, increasing the decomposition The outstanding catalytic performance is mainly Molar ratio of 1:1 presented the best catalytic effect for AP thermalĭecomposition among the other CuO/PbO NMOs, as well as the single Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis coupled with differential scanningĬalorimetric (DSC) techniques verified that CuO/PbO NMOs with a CuO/PbO The CuO/PbO NMOs were distributed in the range of 10–20 nm. Microscopy (TEM) observations exhibited that the particle sizes of Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transition electron Of nano CuO and nano PbO, while few new weak peaks were observed resultingįrom the lattice defects and new structural arrangements and chemicalīonds between nano CuO and nano PbO during a high-energy grinding X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS)Īnd X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that theĬharacteristic peaks of CuO/PbO NMOs were almost the superposition The obtained CuO/PbO NMOs were systematically characterized. NMOs), with CuO/PbO molar ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0.25 asĪ potential catalyst to catalyze the thermal decomposition of ammonium
O xps peak in cuo series#
Method to prepare a series of CuO/PbO nanocomposite metal oxides (CuO/PbO Copper is essential to all higher plants and animals and is transported mainly in the bloodstream.This present article, we reported a facile and efficient milling It is also used to make several musical instruments, especially brass instruments and cymbals. Most American coins are largely comprised of this element, while the Statue of Liberty contains 179,200 pounds of copper. Copper has many household uses including wires, doorknobs and other fixtures, plumbing, roofing, and cookware products. Playing a significant role in history for at least 10,000 years, copper is reddish in color and has a high electrical and thermal conductivity. Obtained From: Chalcopyrite, coveline, chalcosine Use Wagner plot to help assign chemistry.Chemical state differentiation with can be difficult with XPS only.īigger chemical shifts observed for Cu LMM compared to Cu2p.Small binding energy shifts of some compounds compared to copper metal.In Cu (I) oxide, there is only a very weak satellite at 945eV.Ĭu2p3/2 peak in Cu (I) oxide is NOT shifted but is broader compared to Cu metal. Cu2p3/2 peak in Cu (II) oxide is shifted and is much broader compared to Cu (I) oxide.Cu (II) has observable collection of satellite features 943eV.Possible to distinguish Cu oxidation states using satellite features of Cu2p.Cu2p peak has significantly split spin-orbit components (Δ=19.75eV, intensity ratio=0.508).Sputter with Ar clusters and/or minimize X-ray exposure to prevent this effect. Long X-ray exposure or ion bombardment can reduce of degrade Cu(II) compounds.Chemical state differentiation can be difficult with XPS only.Bigger chemical shifts observed for Cu LMM compared to Cu2p.Collect principal Cu LMM peak as well as Cu2p.Binding energies of common chemical states: